Speak of the Holocaust and the first word that many think of is Auschwitz. It was, and is, the most infamous of the concentration camps established by the Nazis. In fact, Auschwitz was not one camp, but rather several. Some sections were labor camps, other parts were specified for (non-Jewish) prisoners of war, and then there was Birkenau (also known as Auschwitz II), which was the Jewish death camp.

On January 27, 1945, the Soviet army arrived at the gates of the notorious death camp. Nothing could have prepared them for the horrible conditions, the malnourished prisoners or the unimaginable horrors they discovered. When the Red Army arrived, there were fewer than 7,000 prisoners in the camp. Over 50,000 other prisoners had been removed from the camp by the Nazis and sent on the infamous “death march.” Many died on the road, too weak to march.

The liberation of Auschwitz was an incredibly momentous event. In recognition of that fact, January 27th is now the official date of International Holocaust Remembrance Day,* as sanctioned by the United Nations in November 2005, by General Assembly Resolution 60/7. The resolution, which was initiated by the State of Israel, came after the 60th anniversary of the liberation of Auschwitz, perhaps as a recognition that in a decade or so, the aging survivor community would no longer be able to share their experiences. Resolution 60/7 honored the memory of the Holocaust’s victims, rejected Holocaust denial, called for the preservation of the historical sites that verify the atrocities and pushed for educational programming.

*It should be noted that since 1953, Jews have observed a special Holocaust Memorial Day on 27 Nissan, Yom Hashoah. Many traditional Jews mourn those who perished in the Holocaust on Tisha b’Av, the Ninth of Av.

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